Vicmap Elevation LiDAR Points Collection

dataset: VICMAP ELEVATION LiDAR Points Collection
The Vicmap LiDAR Points collection is a compilation of point cloud data sets captured by aerial LiDAR surveys undertaken by the Coordinated Imagery Program since 2007. It represents the most comprehensive and extensive archive of LiDAR point clouds for the State of Victoria. Typically, datasets within the collection vary in point density and accuracy but all adhere to evolving, standardised point cloud specifications that were reflective of the technical capability at the time of survey. Supported by evolving LAS data file formats and advances in software capability, LiDAR point classification has improved over time with a wider range of classes being more accurately classified. Additionally, the use of bit flags to carry extra point attribution has allowed recent point datasets to be more comprehensively characterised than early LiDAR datasets. Simultaneously acquired imagery has also been a common feature in later LiDAR surveys with the RGB and IR imagery values encoded with each recorded lidar point. This feature provides additional contextual and interpretative support not available with early LiDAR datasets. Despite evolving point cloud standards, consistent throughout the collection has been vertical alignment to the Australian Height Datum (AHD) and the preservation of original ellipsoidal height datasets. Horizontal datum and data file formats have changed over time, but these have been, or can be transferred to newer standards as required. Finally, each point cloud dataset has been verified against the designated standard of the time through rigorous QA/QC validation processes implemented within the CIP program. Included in the validation processes are confirmation of point cloud dataset vertical accuracy and vertical alignment between adjacent point clouds within their vertical accuracy tolerances.
 
Citation proposal Citation proposal
(2023)

Vicmap Elevation LiDAR Points Collection

 

Description

Title
Vicmap Elevation LiDAR Points Collection 
Alternate title
VICMAP ELEVATION LiDAR Points Collection 
Resource Type
Dataset  
Purpose
The Vicmap LiDAR Points collection contains high accuracy, LiDAR derived point cloud datasets designed for many and varied applications including: generation of surface datasets such as terrain models to support 3D and digital twin environments, Canopy Height Models (CHM) and Digital Surface Models (DSM). Increasingly, LiDAR point clouds are being for feature extraction including trees and buildings with precise heights and for evaluating slopes and aspects for geolocating infrastructure and services. 
Supplemental Information
Relationship to other Datasets: ANZVI0803002639 Related Documents: Please see Vicmap Elevation LiDAR Points Collection product description for more detailed information on this product. This can be found on the Vicmap Elevation Webpage. https://www.land.vic.gov.au/maps-and-spatial/spatial-data/vicmap-catalogue 
Status
Completed  
 
 

Temporal

Time period
2007-04-24 
 
 

Spatial

Spatial representation type
Vector  
Code
28355 
Description
General - Victoria 
N
S
E
W


 

 

Maintenance

Maintenance and update frequency
Irregular  
 
 

Format

Title
Ranging from Ascii Text, LAS and LAZ 
 
 

Contacts

Cited responsible party  

No information provided.

Cited responsible party  

No information provided.
 
 

Keywords

Topic category
  • Elevation
  • Environment
  • Geoscientific information
 
 

Resource Constraints

Use limitation
Vicmap Elevation LiDAR Points are subject to licensed use. Data Access License Agreements (DALA) are used to provide the terms and conditions of use, including license fees determined by the coverage and extent of the data purchased. Commercial use licenses may also be negotiated with businesses wishing to become a licensed Value-Added Reseller (VAR) or licensed Data Service Provider (DSP). VARs and DSPs offer data ordering and sale services for Vicmap LIDAR DEM datasets. VARs and DSPs offer data ordering and sale services for Vicmap LIDAR DEM datasets. 
Classification
Unclassified  
 
 

Lineage

Statement
Dataset Source: Vicmap LiDAR Points derive from LiDAR survey projects undertaken through the States Coordinated Imagery Program (CIP). LiDAR surveys are conducted on behalf of the State by commercial aerial survey companies that have qualified for the relevant State services panels. Acquisition planning is driven by purchase partner investment in the CIP program and is implemented in an on-demand basis. Aerial survey most often occurs as a single project achievable within one flying season by a single commercial supplier. As investment and funding allows, larger capture programs may occur that span multiple flying seasons and require multiple commercial suppliers to complete. LiDAR survey within Victoria is achievable throughout the whole calendar year, however most data capture has been conducted during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons (November through to May). Dataset Originality: Primary 
Description
Collection Method: Aerial LiDAR Survey 
Description
Following airborne LiDAR survey, production methods for generation of point cloud datasets broadly follow a generic processing workflow, although the implementation of some of these stages may vary between commercial suppliers. 1. GNSS/INS Trajectory Processing 2. LiDAR strip alignment 3. LiDAR adjustment to AHD 4. LiDAR classification The surface models exclude road and rail bridges as well as major culverts. If these features were incorrectly classified as LiDAR ground points and automatically included in the DEM, they are subsequently edited out of the model in a manner that ensures the underlaying terrain is continuous and not left as a gap or void in the surface. 
 
 

Metadata Constraints

Classification
Unclassified  
 
 

Quality

Attribute Quality
Comments
As the LiDAR DEMs represent the bare earth ground surface, the attribution of the dataset is reflected in the vertical elevation values of the dataset. In this sense, the attribute accuracy is commensurate with the vertical accuracy of the surface which ranges between +/- 10cm RMSE and +/- 50cm RMSE for different datasets in the collection. Vicmap Elevation LiDAR DEMs are most correct when used in their native datums and projections. Transforming and reprojecting DEMs may alter and reduce the fidelity of the elevation values for the transformed or reprojected coordinate. 
Positional Accuracy
Comments
Horizontal Accuracy is greater than or equal to +/- 30cm RMSE All LiDAR surveys from which the LiDAR DEM datasets are derived are rated at +/-30cm RMSE horizontal accuracy. Greater horizontal accuracies are now achievable and have been demonstrated in the more recent LiDAR surveys that have contributed LiDAR DEM datasets. Vertical Accuracy ranges between +/- 10cm RMSE and +/- 50cm RMSE Vertical accuracy has historically been a commonly varied LiDAR survey specification. Within the LiDAR DEMs collection, vertical accuracy ranges from +/-50cm RMSE for some of the older datasets to +/-10cm for later datasets. The increase in vertical accuracy is due to improved sensor technology as well as better positioning and aerial survey inertial management technology. 
Conceptual Consistency
Comments
The LiDAR DEM datasets are all consistent in their data representation of AHD. As described, variations exist in resolution and vertical accuracy. Additionally, there will be variation in the degree to which older datasets have been hydro flattened and bridges treated, as surface modelling improvements have evolved over time. 
Missing Data
Comments
The collection covers approximately 60% of the land area of Victoria and approximately 99% of the populated areas. As an expanding collection, coverage continues to grow in temporal and spatial terms as new datasets are added. Completeness Verification: Each dataset in the collection has been verified for conformity with the vertical accuracy specifications for the LiDAR survey under which the data collected. Vertical accuracy requirements vary between projects from +/-10cm RMSE to +/-50cm RMSE. 
Excess Data
Comments
Point classes used in Vicmap LiDAR Points datasets are based on the Australian Intergovernmental Committee for Survey and Mapping (ICSM) LiDAR classification schema. These classes are described in Table 2. Not all classes in the schema have been equally applied across all datasets in the Collection. The designation of classes used in a dataset has always been subject to the specific project requirements of the LiDAR survey and these have not always been the same across projects from which the Collection derives. However, in general, it is true that early Vicmap LiDAR Points datasets will have a lower level of classification detail and thematic accuracy than later datasets. The improvement in classification detail and accuracy in more recent datasets is governed by several interconnected factors. Sensor and positioning technologies have improved over time delivering higher point densities, improved positional representation of points and greater definition of landscape and built features. Improved feature representation allows automated classification algorithms to be more successfully applied across a broader range of classes, reducing the amount of manual editing required and reducing cost. 
 
 

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