MODFLOW modelled potentiometric surface (m AHD) within the lower Teriary aquifer. As calculated by the ecoMarkets groundwater modelling project. North East - no lower tertiary geology Goulburn Broken - Layer 6 - Renmark Group North Central - Layer 8 - Renmark Group Mallee - Layer 4 - Renmark Group (and Layer 3 where Parilla Sand directly overlies the Renmark Group in the east) Wimmera - Layer 6 - Renmark Group (Olney Formation & Warina Sand) Glenelg Hopkins - Layer 4 - Dilwyn Aquifer, Lower Mepunga Aquifer, Timboon Sand Aquifer Corangamite - Layer 5 - Demons Bluff Formation, Eastern View Formation, Timboon Sand, Pebble Point Formation, Clifton Formation, Wiridjil Formation Port Phillip - Layer 5 - Werribee Formation, Childers Formation, Older Volcanics West Gippsland - Layer 6 - Traralgon Formation, Older Volcanics (Carrajung Formation) East Gippsland - Conceptual Layer 5 - LaTrobe Group, Traralgon Formation For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Harbaugh, A.W., and McDonald, M.G., 1996, User's documentation for MODFLOW-96, an update to the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-485, 56 p

Modelled long term (1958-2005) average diffuse recharge (in mm) for November as calculated using the Ensym model. Includes rainfall recharge and irrigation recharge however excludes river / stream / channel / reservoir leakage. Ensym estimates daily spatial recharge by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Water entering the soil profile is initially determined by subtracting the calculated surface runoff from the total daily precipitation and irrigation. Once in the soil profile, water can be removed by evapotranspiration, lateral flow and downward movement if soil capacity is exceeded. Water fills up lower soil layers until it exits the soil profile and becomes drainage. Drainage is then partitioned into sub surface lateral flow and recharge. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Modelled long term (1958-2005) average diffuse recharge (in mm) for August as calculated using the Ensym model. Includes rainfall recharge and irrigation recharge however excludes river / stream / channel / reservoir leakage. Ensym estimates daily spatial recharge by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Water entering the soil profile is initially determined by subtracting the calculated surface runoff from the total daily precipitation and irrigation. Once in the soil profile, water can be removed by evapotranspiration, lateral flow and downward movement if soil capacity is exceeded. Water fills up lower soil layers until it exits the soil profile and becomes drainage. Drainage is then partitioned into sub surface lateral flow and recharge. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Calculated using the Ensym model. The potential evapotranspiration minus actual un-saturated evapotranspiration calculation can be used to set an upper limit to groundwater evaporation rates. Ensym estimates daily spatial evapotranspiration by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Evaporation of water from the soil surface is calculated using a Ritchie's two-stage evaporation algorithim. After infiltration , drying occurs at the potential rate up to a specified limit (stage I) and thereafter at a rate reflecting diffusion processes that are assumed proportional to the square root of time (Stage II). In general transpiration is calculated as a function of pan evaporation, leaf area index, soil moisture content, plant density and temperature however the specifics of the calculations vary with landuse and the particular plant growth model utilised. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Calculated using the Ensym model. The potential evapotranspiration minus actual un-saturated evapotranspiration calculation can be used to set an upper limit to groundwater evaporation rates. Ensym estimates daily spatial evapotranspiration by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Evaporation of water from the soil surface is calculated using a Ritchie's two-stage evaporation algorithim. After infiltration , drying occurs at the potential rate up to a specified limit (stage I) and thereafter at a rate reflecting diffusion processes that are assumed proportional to the square root of time (Stage II). In general transpiration is calculated as a function of pan evaporation, leaf area index, soil moisture content, plant density and temperature however the specifics of the calculations vary with landuse and the particular plant growth model utilised. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Modelled long term (1958-2005) average diffuse recharge (in mm) for May as calculated using the Ensym model. Includes rainfall recharge and irrigation recharge however excludes river / stream / channel / reservoir leakage. Ensym estimates daily spatial recharge by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Water entering the soil profile is initially determined by subtracting the calculated surface runoff from the total daily precipitation and irrigation. Once in the soil profile, water can be removed by evapotranspiration, lateral flow and downward movement if soil capacity is exceeded. Water fills up lower soil layers until it exits the soil profile and becomes drainage. Drainage is then partioned into sub surface lateral flow and recharge. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Modelled dry years (1997-2005) average annual diffuse recharge (mm/yr) as calculated using the Ensym model. Includes rainfall recharge and irrigation recharge however excludes river/stream/channel/reservoir leakage. Ensym estimates daily spatial recharge by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Water entering the soil profile is initially determined by subtracting the calculated surface runoff from the total daily precipitation and irrigation. Once in the soil profile, water can be removed by evapotranspiration, lateral flow and downward movement if soil capacity is exceeded. Water fills up lower soil layers until it exits the soil profile and becomes drainage. Drainage is then partioned into sub surface lateral flow and recharge. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Modelled wet years (1973 - 1975) average annual diffuse recharge (mm/yr) as calculated using the Ensym model. Includes rainfall recharge and irrigation recharge however excludes river/stream/channel/reservoir leakage. Ensym estimates daily spatial recharge by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Water entering the soil profile is initially determined by subtracting the calculated surface runoff from the total daily precipitation and irrigation. Once in the soil profile, water can be removed by evapotranspiration, lateral flow and downward movement if soil capacity is exceeded. Water fills up lower soil layers until it exits the soil profile and becomes drainage. Drainage is then partioned into sub surface lateral flow and recharge. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Modelled long term (1958-2005) average diffuse recharge (in mm) for March as calculated using the Ensym model. Includes rainfall recharge and irrigation recharge however excludes river / stream / channel / reservoir leakage. Ensym estimates daily spatial recharge by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Water entering the soil profile is initially determined by subtracting the calculated surface runoff from the total daily precipitation and irrigation. Once in the soil profile, water can be removed by evapotranspiration, lateral flow and downward movement if soil capacity is exceeded. Water fills up lower soil layers until it exits the soil profile and becomes drainage. Drainage is then partioned into sub surface lateral flow and recharge. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Modelled long term (1958-2005) average diffuse recharge (in mm) for February as calculated using the Ensym model. Includes rainfall recharge and irrigation recharge however excludes river / stream / channel / reservoir leakage. Ensym estimates daily spatial recharge by solving for physical processes using analytical solutions and empirical equations. Water entering the soil profile is initially determined by subtracting the calculated surface runoff from the total daily precipitation and irrigation. Once in the soil profile, water can be removed by evapotranspiration, lateral flow and downward movement if soil capacity is exceeded. Water fills up lower soil layers until it exits the soil profile and becomes drainage. Drainage is then partitioned into sub surface lateral flow and recharge. For further information: https://ensym.dse.vic.gov.au/home/aboutensym Beverly, C., 2007. Technical Manual - Models of the Catchment Analysis Tool. Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment.